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ANP registró 458 ataques a la libertad de prensa en el 2025, el año más letal para el periodismo – ANP
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En el 2025 se produjeron 458 ataques contra periodistas y medios de comunicación, entre ellos, cuatro asesinatos de periodistas, lo que hace de este año el más letal para el ejercicio del periodismo en el presente siglo. El informe anual de la Oficina de los Derechos Humanos (OFIP) de la Asociación Nacional de Periodistas del Perú (ANP) revela un escenario persistente de violencia, intimidación y restricciones al derecho a informar y a estar informados.
Los datos muestran que las amenazas y actos de hostigamiento (127) y las agresiones físicas y verbales (114 casos) concentraron la mayor parte de los ataques. A ello se suma el uso recurrente de mecanismos legales y administrativos como forma de presión: se contabilizaron 46 casos de intimidación judicial y 4 sanciones o presiones administrativas, una tendencia que evidencia el empleo del aparato estatal para desalentar investigaciones periodísticas.
El promedio es de 38 ataques mensuales, más de un ataque por día.
El balance anual es particularmente grave por el impacto letal de la violencia. Cuatro periodistas fueron asesinados en 2025(Gastón Medina, en Ica; Raúl Célis, en Iquitos; Fernando Nuñez en Pacasmayo y Mitzar Castillejos, en Aguaytía) confirmando que el ejercicio de la profesión continúa siendo una actividad de alto riesgo en el país. Estos crímenes ocurrieron en un contexto de impunidad estructural, donde las investigaciones no avanzan con la celeridad ni la diligencia necesarias.
El mes más crítico fue setiembre, con 75 ataques registrados, seguido de octubre (48) y julio (47), lo que revela picos de conflictividad asociados a coyunturas políticas y sociales de alta tensión.
Funcionarios y fuerzas de seguridad, principales agresores
El análisis por tipo de agresor muestra que los funcionarios públicos encabezaron la lista, con 217 ataques, seguidos por agentes de seguridad (121). En conjunto, estos actores estatales concentran más del 70 % de las agresiones registradas, un dato que enciende las alertas sobre el rol del Estado no solo como garante, sino como protagonista de las vulneraciones a la libertad de prensa.
También se registraron ataques perpetrados por civiles (71) y sujetos no identificados (45), así como casos atribuibles a empleadores, reflejando la precariedad laboral y la falta de protección interna en algunos espacios de trabajo.
Periodismo digital, el más atacado
Por tipo de medio, el periodismo digital fue el más afectado, con 219 ataques, muy por encima de la prensa televisiva (108), escrita (66) y radial (65). La cifra confirma que el espacio digital —clave para la investigación y la fiscalización— se ha convertido en uno de los principales blancos de agresiones, discursos estigmatizantes y amenazas.
En cuanto al impacto por género, los hombres concentraron 231 ataques, mientras que las mujeres periodistas enfrentaron 93 agresiones, muchas de ellas atravesadas por componentes de violencia simbólica, acoso y descrédito.
Un deterioro que afecta a la democracia
El balance de 2025 deja una conclusión clara: los ataques a la prensa no son hechos aislados, sino parte de un patrón sistemático que busca silenciar voces críticas, inhibir la investigación periodística y restringir el debate público. En un contexto de creciente polarización y debilidad institucional, el deterioro de las condiciones para el ejercicio del periodismo tiene un impacto directo en la calidad democrática del país.
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